License trade with COMECON states

EU Enlargement: The New Member States and Agricultural Trade Potentials

New economic geography meets Comecon

We analyse the internal spatial wage and employment structures of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia, using regional data for 1996–2000. A new economic geography model predicts wage gradients and specialization patterns that are smoothly related to the regions’ relative market access. As an alternative, we formulate a ‘Comecon hypothesis’, according to which wages and se...

eu enlargement: the new member states and agricultural trade potentials

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License Auctions with Royalty Contracts for Losers

This paper revisits the standard analysis of licensing a cost reducing innovation by an outside innovator to a Cournot oligopoly. We propose a new mechanism that combines elements of a license auction with royalty licensing by granting the losers of the auction the option to sign a royalty contract. The optimal new mechanism eliminates the losses from exclusionary licensing without reducing bid...

Software License Management with Smart Cards

This paper describes public-key protocols for binding software licenses to tamper-resistant smart cards, for transferring licenses between cards, and for purchasing them on-line. The protocols support software distribution both through retail stores and over the Internet. The user can transfer licenses from several cards onto a single card to avoid juggling between several cards in the reader. ...